When preparing for a Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test, it’s essential to take certain precautions to ensure accurate results.
A PSA test measures PSA levels in your blood, helping to screen for prostate issues, including cancer. However, specific actions before the test can lead to skewed results, causing unnecessary stress or additional testing.
This article will guide you through what to avoid to ensure reliable outcomes.
Understanding PSA levels
PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland. While it’s normal for small amounts of PSA to circulate in the blood, elevated levels can signal potential prostate conditions. However, PSA levels can fluctuate due to factors unrelated to health issues. Being mindful of these factors can help ensure your test results are as accurate as possible.
What to avoid doing before your PSA blood test
1. Avoid ejaculation
Ejaculation can temporarily raise PSA levels, leading to misleading results.
Experts recommend abstaining from sexual activity, including masturbation, for at least 48 hours before your test. This precaution is particularly relevant as it helps avoid unnecessary follow-up tests or concerns caused by artificially elevated PSA levels.
2. Skip vigorous exercise
Certain types of physical activity, especially cycling, can impact PSA levels. The pressure exerted on the prostate during cycling can lead to a temporary increase in PSA.
To be safe, it’s best to avoid cycling, running, or any strenuous exercise for at least 48 hours prior to your appointment. Walking or light stretching, however, is generally fine.
3. Don’t Have a Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) beforehand
A digital rectal exam, often conducted as part of a routine prostate health check, can also temporarily raise PSA levels. If both a DRE and a PSA test are planned, ensure the PSA blood draw is done first to avoid skewing the results.
4. Refrain from recent medical procedures
Medical procedures involving the prostate, such as a prostate biopsy or catheterisation, can cause PSA levels to spike. Inform your healthcare provider if you’ve undergone any recent procedures, as they may recommend delaying your test. Waiting a few weeks after such interventions ensures a more accurate reading.
5. Avoid certain medications
Some medications can interfere with PSA levels, either elevating or lowering them. For instance:
- 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride or dutasteride): These are often prescribed for conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and can lower PSA levels, potentially masking signs of prostate issues.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Some studies suggest these may also influence PSA readings.
- Herbal supplements: Products marketed for “prostate health” can sometimes affect PSA levels.
Always inform your GP about any medications or supplements you’re taking before your test.
6. Don’t consume alcohol excessively
While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to affect PSA levels, excessive drinking might influence overall health markers, including PSA. To be cautious, it’s advisable to limit alcohol intake for at least 24-48 hours before the test.
7. Steer clear of spicy and processed foods
Although there’s limited direct evidence linking diet to immediate PSA levels, consuming a balanced diet in the days leading up to your test is a good idea. Avoiding overly spicy or processed foods may help maintain overall prostate health, which could indirectly support accurate results.
8. Don’t ignore hydration
Proper hydration is crucial for any blood test. Dehydration can make it challenging for healthcare providers to draw blood, potentially delaying the process. Drink plenty of water on the day of your test to ensure smooth sample collection.
9. Avoid stress
Stress can impact various aspects of your health, including PSA levels. While it’s natural to feel anxious about medical tests, engaging in relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or mindfulness exercises can help you stay calm.
10. Don’t schedule your test during an illness
If you’re dealing with a urinary tract infection (UTI) or other illnesses, it’s wise to postpone your test. Infections can significantly elevate PSA levels, leading to misleading results. Once you’ve recovered, discuss with your GP the best time to proceed with the test.
What happens if PSA levels are elevated?
If your PSA levels come back higher than expected, your GP may recommend additional tests, such as a repeat PSA test, MRI, or biopsy, to rule out any serious conditions.
Elevated PSA levels don’t always mean cancer; they can also indicate conditions like prostatitis or BPH. However, accurate initial results are critical in determining the next steps.
Related read: What Is A Dangerous PSA Level?
Final notes
Preparing for a PSA blood test is simple but essential for obtaining reliable results. By avoiding activities like ejaculation, vigorous exercise, and certain medications, and by staying hydrated and stress-free, you can help ensure your PSA levels reflect your true prostate health.
Regular communication with your GP about your lifestyle and medical history also plays a vital role in achieving accurate outcomes. Taking the time to prepare properly gives you the peace of mind that comes with knowing you’ve done everything possible to support your health and well-being.
