Imagine this: you feel a slight discomfort in your lower back, brush it off as a minor issue, and carry on with your day. A few days later, you find yourself with fever, chills, and excruciating pain. Before you know it, you’re in a hospital bed being treated for sepsis, all from what started as a simple kidney infection.
It’s a frightening scenario, but understanding how quickly a kidney infection can turn into something more severe—like sepsis—could be life-saving. Let’s dive into what happens when kidney infections escalate and how to prevent it from turning into a medical emergency.
What is a kidney infection?
A kidney infection, medically known as pyelonephritis, is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that typically begins in the bladder or urethra and moves upward to one or both kidneys.
The kidneys play a critical role in filtering waste from your blood and removing it from your body through urine. When bacteria—usually E. coli—travel up the urinary tract and infect the kidneys, it can cause inflammation, pain, and discomfort.
Read more: What Does Kidney Pain Feel Like?
How fast can a kidney infection escalate?
The speed at which a kidney infection turns into sepsis varies depending on several factors, such as the individual’s:
- Overall health
- Age
- Effectiveness of early treatment.
In healthy adults, it might take a few days for the infection to spread. However, in vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, individuals with weakened immune systems, or those with underlying health conditions, it can progress much faster.
In some cases, sepsis can develop within 24 to 48 hours after the onset of severe symptoms, especially if medical intervention is delayed. Recognising the early warning signs is crucial for getting ahead of this potentially deadly situation.
Recognising the symptoms of sepsis
Sepsis is the body’s extreme response to an infection. It occurs when an infection, like a kidney infection, triggers a chain reaction throughout your body. Here are the key signs to watch out for:
- High fever or low body temperature (hypothermia)
- Rapid heart rate or breathing
- Confusion or disorientation
- Severe pain or discomfort, often worsening over time
- Shivering, chills, or feeling very cold
If any of these symptoms appear while you’re battling a kidney infection, you must seek medical attention immediately. Sepsis is a medical emergency, and the quicker you receive treatment, the better your chances of recovery.
Who is at risk?
Although anyone can develop sepsis from a kidney infection, some groups are at higher risk. If you fall into one of these categories, you’ll need to be particularly vigilant about seeking treatment early:
- Elderly individuals: With age, the immune system becomes less effective, making it easier for infections to spread rapidly.
- People with chronic illnesses: Conditions like diabetes or kidney disease can impair your body’s ability to fight off infections.
- Those with weakened immune systems: This includes individuals undergoing cancer treatments or taking immunosuppressive medications.
- Pregnant women: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of developing kidney infections, which could lead to complications like sepsis if untreated.
How can you prevent kidney infections from turning into sepsis?
The good news is that most kidney infections are highly treatable when caught early. The key to preventing complications is swift action. If you suspect you have a kidney infection—whether you’re experiencing pain in your lower back, a burning sensation when urinating, or other symptoms—don’t wait. Here’s how you can reduce your risk:
- Seek medical treatment early: Antibiotics are highly effective at treating kidney infections. The earlier you start a course, the less likely the infection is to spread.
- Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of fluids can help flush bacteria out of your urinary tract, preventing infections from taking hold.
- Complete your antibiotic course: Stopping antibiotics prematurely can allow bacteria to return stronger, leading to recurring or worsening infections.
- Monitor your symptoms: If your condition worsens despite taking antibiotics, contact your doctor right away. A failure to respond to treatment can indicate the infection is spreading, potentially leading to sepsis.
Treatment for sepsis
If a kidney infection progresses to sepsis, aggressive treatment is essential. Sepsis treatment typically involves hospitalisation, where you’ll receive intravenous antibiotics, fluids, and other supportive care to stabilise your body’s functions. The longer sepsis goes untreated, the greater the risk of organ failure and death, which is why quick action is so critical.
Why you shouldn’t wait
Kidney infections can escalate rapidly, and the progression to sepsis is nothing short of alarming. Even if you think the infection is manageable, it’s vital to consult a healthcare professional at the earliest signs. Not only can early treatment stop the infection in its tracks, but it could also save your life. So, don’t ignore the warning signs—when it comes to your health, time is of the essence.
Infections like those affecting the kidneys can escalate with alarming speed, but by staying informed, vigilant, and proactive, you can greatly reduce your risk of complications.
Remember, acting early isn’t just about preventing discomfort—it’s about safeguarding your long-term health. Be sure to act swiftly, take symptoms seriously, and never underestimate the potential danger of untreated infections.