Receiving a diagnosis of stage 3 prostate cancer can feel overwhelming. You might have questions about what this means for your health, what treatment options are available, and how this will affect your life going forward.
Understanding the specifics of this stage can help you feel more informed and confident about the next steps in your care.
Understanding the stages of prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is typically classified into stages based on how far it has spread. These stages range from stage 1, where the cancer is small and contained within the prostate, to stage 4, where it has spread to distant parts of the body.
Stage 3 prostate cancer means the cancer has grown beyond the outer layer of the prostate gland and may have spread to nearby tissues. However, it hasn’t yet reached distant organs or lymph nodes.
This stage is considered locally advanced, which means the cancer is more serious than earlier stages but is still treatable with appropriate medical intervention.
Doctors use several factors to determine the stage, including the size of the tumour, how aggressive the cancer cells appear under a microscope (known as the Gleason score), and PSA levels in your blood. These details help your healthcare team create a tailored treatment plan that’s right for you.
Common symptoms of stage 3 prostate cancer
At this stage, you might start noticing more noticeable symptoms compared to earlier stages. Common signs can include:
- Difficulty urinating or a weak urine stream
- Increased need to urinate, especially at night
- Pain or discomfort in the pelvic area
- Blood in the urine or semen
- Erectile dysfunction
These symptoms occur because the cancer has grown large enough to put pressure on the urethra or nearby structures. While these signs can be distressing, they’re important indicators that help doctors assess the extent of the cancer and decide on the best course of action.
Treatment options for stage 3 prostate cancer
Treatment for stage 3 prostate cancer usually involves a combination of approaches to manage the disease effectively. Your consultant urologist will discuss the most suitable options based on your overall health, age, and personal preferences.
Radiotherapy
External beam radiotherapy is a common treatment for stage 3 prostate cancer. It uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells in the prostate and surrounding tissue. This treatment is often combined with hormone therapy to improve its effectiveness.
Hormone therapy
Hormone therapy works by reducing the levels of male hormones, such as testosterone, which can fuel prostate cancer growth. This treatment can help slow down the progression of the cancer and is often used alongside radiotherapy or as a standalone option if surgery isn’t suitable.
Surgery
In some cases, a radical prostatectomy may be recommended. This involves surgically removing the prostate gland and some surrounding tissue. However, surgery is less commonly used for stage 3 prostate cancer because the cancer has typically spread beyond the prostate itself, making radiotherapy and hormone therapy more effective options.
Active surveillance
For some men, especially those with slower-growing cancers or other health concerns, active surveillance might be considered. This involves closely monitoring the cancer with regular tests and check-ups, only starting treatment if the cancer shows signs of progression.
What to expect during treatment for stage 3 prostate cancer
Treatment for stage 3 prostate cancer can last several months, depending on the approach your consultant recommends. Radiotherapy sessions are usually given over several weeks, while hormone therapy may continue for a longer period.
Side effects can vary but may include:
- Fatigue
- Changes in urinary or bowel habits
- Sexual dysfunction.
Your healthcare team will work with you to manage these side effects and ensure you maintain the best possible quality of life throughout your treatment.
It’s important to attend all your appointments and communicate openly with your medical team about any concerns or symptoms you’re experiencing. Early intervention for side effects can make a significant difference in your comfort and wellbeing.
Prognosis and outlook
The outlook for stage 3 prostate cancer varies depending on several factors, including the aggressiveness of the cancer, your response to treatment, and your overall health. Many men with stage 3 prostate cancer respond well to treatment and can manage the disease effectively for many years.
While stage 3 is more advanced than earlier stages, it’s important to remember that modern treatments have improved outcomes significantly. Regular follow-up appointments will allow your consultant to monitor your progress and adjust your treatment plan if needed.
You’ll be supported every step of the way
Living with a diagnosis of stage 3 prostate cancer can be challenging, but staying proactive about your health can make a real difference. Eating a balanced diet, staying physically active, and managing stress can all support your body during treatment.
Don’t hesitate to ask questions or seek support from your healthcare team, family, or support groups. Many men find it helpful to connect with others who are going through similar experiences, as this can provide both practical advice and emotional reassurance.
Understanding your diagnosis, exploring your treatment options, and maintaining open communication with your consultant will help you navigate this journey with greater confidence and peace of mind.
Always consult with a consultant urologist or healthcare professional for personalised advice about prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Related reading: Is Prostate Cancer Hereditary?
