As men age, changes to the prostate gland are common. One of the most frequent conditions is benign prostate enlargement, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Understanding what this condition involves, how it affects your body, and what treatment options are available can help you manage your symptoms and maintain your quality of life.
Understanding benign prostate enlargement
Benign prostate enlargement occurs when the prostate gland gradually increases in size. The prostate is a small, walnut-sized gland located below the bladder that surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of your body. As the prostate grows larger, it can squeeze the urethra and restrict urine flow, leading to various urinary symptoms.
The term “benign” means the growth isn’t cancerous. Unlike prostate cancer, BPH doesn’t spread to other parts of your body. However, it can still significantly impact your daily life and requires proper management.
Why does the prostate enlarge?
The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but several factors contribute:
- Age-related hormonal changes, particularly declining testosterone
- Increased activity of growth factors in the prostate
- Family history and genetic predisposition
- Lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise
Most men experience some degree of prostate enlargement as they age. About half of men in their 60s and up to 90% in their 70s and 80s have BPH.
Recognising the symptoms
Prostate enlargement affects each person differently, but typical symptoms include:
- Difficulty starting urination or a weak urine stream
- Frequent need to urinate, especially at night
- Sudden, urgent need to pass urine
- Feeling that your bladder hasn’t emptied completely
- Dribbling at the end of urination
- Straining when passing urine
Impact on daily life
These symptoms can disrupt your sleep, limit activities, and affect confidence. Many men find themselves planning around toilet access or waking multiple times at night. Recognising these patterns early helps you seek treatment before symptoms worsen.
How BPH is diagnosed
Initial assessment
If you’re experiencing urinary symptoms, your doctor will start with:
- Medical history review
- Physical examination, including digital rectal examination
- Urine tests to rule out infection
- PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) blood test
Further investigations
Depending on your symptoms, your doctor might recommend additional tests:
- Flow rate measurement to assess urine stream strength
- Bladder scan to check for urine retention
- Cystoscopy to examine your bladder and urethra
- Prostate ultrasound to measure gland size
Treatment options for BPH
Watchful waiting
For mild symptoms that don’t significantly affect your quality of life, your doctor might suggest monitoring the condition without immediate treatment. This approach involves regular check-ups and symptom tracking.
Lifestyle modifications
Simple changes can help manage mild symptoms:
- Limit caffeine and alcohol, especially in the evening
- Reduce fluid intake before bedtime
- Practice double voiding
- Maintain a healthy weight
Medication
When lifestyle changes aren’t sufficient, medications can help:
- Alpha-blockers relax prostate and bladder neck muscles, improving urine flow.
- 5-alpha reductase inhibitors shrink the prostate by blocking growth hormones.
- Combination therapy using both medications for better control.
Surgical treatments
For moderate to severe symptoms, surgical options may be recommended:
- TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate) removes excess prostate tissue.
- UroLift lifts and holds enlarged tissue away from the urethra.
- Laser procedures vaporise or remove excess tissue with minimal bleeding.
Living well with BPH
When to seek medical advice
You should consult a doctor if you experience:
- Persistent urinary symptoms affecting your daily life
- Complete inability to urinate (seek emergency care immediately)
- Blood in your urine
- Bladder pain or discomfort
- Signs of urinary infection such as fever or burning
Managing your condition
Working closely with your healthcare provider helps you find the right treatment approach. Regular monitoring ensures your symptoms remain controlled and allows treatment plan adjustments as needed.
The difference between BPH and prostate cancer
Benign prostate enlargement doesn’t increase your risk of developing prostate cancer. These are separate conditions, though they can occur simultaneously. Regular check-ups help monitor both and ensure early detection of any changes.
Taking control of your prostate health
Understanding benign prostate enlargement empowers you to recognise symptoms early and seek appropriate treatment. Whether through lifestyle changes, medication, or surgery, effective management options are available to maintain your quality of life.
At Urocare London, we specialise in diagnosing and treating benign prostate enlargement using the latest techniques. Our team can guide you through your treatment options and help you find the best solution for your needs.
Related guide: 10 Things To Avoid With Prostate Enlargement.
