Testicular torsion is a serious and potentially urgent urological condition that occurs when a testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord and cutting off blood supply. It can develop suddenly, often without warning, and may require immediate medical attention.

While testicular torsion is more common in teenagers and young men under 25, it can happen at any age.

Understanding how to recognise the symptoms and perform a basic self-check can help you act quickly if something doesn’t feel right. Early awareness can make a critical difference.

What is testicular torsion?

Testicular torsion happens when the testicle twists around the spermatic cord – the structure that supplies blood to the testicle. This twist restricts or cuts off the blood flow, which, if not treated quickly, may result in permanent damage or even loss of the testicle.

While the condition is rare, it’s considered a urological emergency. That’s why it’s essential to understand the signs and symptoms, particularly if you experience sudden discomfort in the scrotal area.

One of the key warning signs may include scrotal swelling, often accompanied by intense pain, tenderness, or a noticeable change in the position of the testicle. 

The swelling may develop rapidly, causing the scrotum to appear red, inflamed, or enlarged on one side. In some cases, the affected testicle may sit higher than usual or feel firmer than normal. 

These symptoms can worsen over time, so it’s vital not to ignore them. If any of these changes occur, seek urgent medical attention – early diagnosis and treatment may help preserve the testicle and prevent complications.

Common signs and symptoms of testicular torsion

Testicular torsion typically develops rapidly. It often begins without warning and can escalate within hours, leading to intense discomfort.

Recognising the early signs is crucial, as prompt treatment may help prevent long-term damage. Symptoms might include:

If you notice any of these symptoms, especially after physical activity or during sleep, don’t delay. Contact a urologist or go to A&E as soon as possible. Early intervention may help preserve the testicle.

How to perform a basic self-check

While there’s no substitute for a professional examination, you can check yourself for any unusual signs that could indicate a problem. Here’s how to safely perform a self-check:

1. Choose the right time

The best time to check your testicles is after a warm shower or bath. The heat relaxes the scrotum, making it easier to notice changes.

2. Stand in front of a mirror

Look for any visible swelling, redness, or asymmetry. One testicle might naturally hang lower than the other, but if there’s a sudden shift or bulge, that may signal a concern.

3. Use your fingers gently

Using both hands, roll each testicle between your thumb and fingers. Feel for:

4. Assess the cord and position

The spermatic cord should feel like a soft tube running up from the top of each testicle. If one testicle feels like it’s twisted or elevated, it may suggest torsion.

5. Take note of scrotal swelling

Swelling in the scrotum may be due to several causes – one of which could be torsion. If you notice scrotal swelling combined with pain or tenderness, don’t wait to get it checked by a healthcare professional.

What to do if you suspect testicular torsion

If you believe you’re experiencing symptoms of testicular torsion, treat it as a medical emergency. Prompt treatment is essential in many cases; surgical intervention might be required to untwist the spermatic cord and restore blood flow.

Delaying medical help for more than six hours may result in irreversible damage. Urgent urology appointments may be available for same-day or next-day assessment, depending on your provider. If you have access to private care, you may be able to avoid long waits and receive prompt support.

Preventive awareness

While testicular torsion can’t always be prevented, especially in individuals with a condition called bell clapper deformity (where the testicles are more prone to twisting), being informed about your body can help you detect changes early.

Consider speaking to a urologist if you:

Many private urology clinics offer discreet and compassionate consultations, with access to leading specialists and diagnostic tools designed to give you clarity and reassurance.

Stay informed, stay proactive

Learning how to check yourself for testicular torsion is a valuable part of personal health awareness. While it’s rare, it can be extremely serious, so understanding what to look for empowers you to act quickly if needed.

If you’re unsure about anything you’ve felt during a self-check, or if you’re experiencing pain or swelling, it’s time to seek expert advice.