It might come as a surprise to learn that women can develop prostate cancer, since the prostate is usually linked to men. However, women have a small gland known as the Skene’s gland, sometimes called the female prostate, which shares similar structures and functions. 

Though it’s extremely rare, prostate cancer in women can occur when abnormal cells grow in this gland.

Understanding the female prostate

While the male prostate and the female Skene’s glands differ in size and position, they perform similar biological roles.

These tiny glands sit near the urethra and the front wall of the vagina, and they produce a fluid containing prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the same substance tested in men for prostate cancer.

When abnormal cells develop in these glands, doctors may diagnose it as a type of prostate cancer. Although this condition is exceptionally rare, it’s medically recognised, and awareness is important because its symptoms may resemble other common urinary or reproductive issues.

How rare is prostate cancer in women?

Cases of female prostate cancer are extremely uncommon. Because of its rarity, there’s limited research, and diagnosis can sometimes take longer.

In many instances, doctors discover it accidentally during examinations for urinary tract infections, cysts, or other urethral problems.

This similarity in symptoms can easily cause confusion. If you’re experiencing unexplained urinary discomfort or pelvic pain that doesn’t improve with standard treatment, it’s worth visiting a urologist who can assess the cause and perform detailed tests when necessary.

Common signs and symptoms of female prostate cancer

Symptoms of prostate cancer in women tend to be subtle and might be mistaken for other health concerns. Some of the possible indicators include:

• Difficulty passing urine or frequent urination
• Blood in the urine or vaginal discharge
• Pressure or discomfort in the pelvic area
• Pain during sexual activity

Because these symptoms overlap with other conditions, such as urinary infections or cysts, getting a professional assessment is always the safest option. Early investigation ensures the right diagnosis and care plan.

How doctors make the diagnosis

Diagnosing this rare condition involves several careful steps. Doctors often begin with a pelvic examination to check for any unusual growths. They may use imaging tools such as ultrasound or MRI scans to locate and evaluate abnormal tissue near the urethra.

In some cases, a biopsy may be required to confirm whether the cells are cancerous. A PSA test can also support the diagnosis since the Skene’s glands produce small amounts of prostate-specific antigen.

While PSA testing isn’t routinely performed in women, it may be considered if there’s strong clinical suspicion of prostate cancer.

Treatment options for female prostate cancer

Because this cancer is so rare, treatment plans are usually adapted from approaches used for prostate cancer in men. The choice of treatment depends on how advanced the condition is and your overall health.

Surgery

Doctors may recommend surgery to remove the affected tissue or glands when the cancer is localised and hasn’t spread.

Radiation therapy

This treatment uses targeted energy to destroy cancer cells while preserving surrounding healthy tissue. It’s often considered when surgery isn’t suitable or as an additional measure after surgery.

Hormone therapy

Hormone therapy may help control cancer growth by reducing hormones that feed tumour cells.

Chemotherapy

In advanced cases, chemotherapy may be used to manage the spread of cancer and reduce symptoms.

Treatment decisions are always personalised, aiming to provide relief and maintain quality of life. Recovery outcomes can be positive when the condition is detected and treated early.

Importance of early detection

Early detection plays a major role in effective treatment. Because symptoms can be mistaken for other conditions, timely medical evaluation is vital. Regular urological assessments, especially for those with ongoing urinary issues, help identify potential problems sooner.

If you’re advised to take a PSA test or undergo imaging, it’s best not to delay. These steps might reveal early warning signs, giving doctors more time to act before the cancer progresses. Detecting any abnormality early greatly improves treatment outcomes and recovery prospects.

Living well after diagnosis

A diagnosis of a rare cancer can feel daunting, but with the right care and support, many women manage the condition successfully. Treatments are often effective, especially when the disease is localised.

You might need regular follow-up appointments for monitoring, but these visits help doctors ensure the cancer doesn’t return.

Maintaining a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and following medical advice can all support recovery. Psychological support and patient groups may also help you cope emotionally, offering reassurance and shared experiences from others in similar situations.

When to see a specialist

You should see a urologist if you experience ongoing urinary discomfort, pain during urination, or pelvic pressure that doesn’t ease with standard treatment. Specialists can perform detailed examinations and tests to pinpoint the problem accurately.

Related guide: How To Check For Prostate Cancer At Home.